Tachycardia: Fast Heart Rate
ECG strip showing a normal heartbeat
ECG strip showing tachycardia
成人心动过速是指心率每分钟超过100次. How that’s defined may depend on your age and physical condition.
View an animation of tachycardia.
心动过速的类型
Atrial or Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
房性或室上性心动过速(SVT)是一种始于心脏上腔的快速心率. 这种心动过速有阵发性房性心动过速(PAT)和阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)。.
With atrial or supraventricular tachycardia, electrical signals in the heart’s upper chambers occur abnormally. There may also be structural abnormalities of the heart. 这干扰了来自窦房结的电脉冲，窦房结是心脏的自然起搏器.
The disruption results in a faster than normal heart rate. 这种快速的心跳可以防止心室在两次收缩之间完全充盈, which may compromise blood flow to the rest of the body.
Risk factors for Atrial or SVT
一般来说，最容易发生房性心动过速或室上性心动过速的是:
- Children (SVT is the most common type of 心律失常 in kids)
- Women, to a greater degree than men
- Young people with anxiety
- People who are middle-aged and older
You are at increased risk for atrial tachycardia or SVT if you:
- 大量饮酒
- Smoke heavily or use illegal drugs, such as amphetamines and cocaine
- 有冠状动脉疾病，有心脏手术或其他心脏问题吗
- Have congenital heart disease
- 服用非处方止咳和感冒药或处方药，这些都可能导致SVT发作
- 有阻塞性 睡眠呼吸暂停
虽然不太常见，但心房或上室心动过速有时与 心脏病.
症状 and complications
有些患有房性或室上性心动过速的人可能没有症状. 其他人可能会遇到:
- 晕倒 (中略)
- 头晕 or dizziness
- Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
- 在胸中飘动
- 边界脉冲
- 胸部不适
- 呼吸急促（气促）
- 乏力
In extreme cases, people with atrial or SVT may also experience:
- 无意识
- 心脏骤停
治疗 for Atrial or SVT
If you have atrial or SVT that occurs once in a while, 如果你没有症状或其他心脏问题，你可能不需要治疗.
心房或室上心动过速的发作通常可以通过几种技术之一来停止. 这些行动应由卫生保健专业人员监督或执行. 它们包括:
- 颈动脉窦按摩:医疗保健专业人员可以在颈部施加轻微的压力, where the carotid artery splits into two branches.
- Valsalva动作:这个动作包括闭着鼻孔，同时通过鼻子吹气.
- 利用潜水反射:这是你的脸浸入冰冷的水中时身体的反应.
这些方法在心律失常开始后使用最有效.
对于长线上电子游戏飞禽走兽房颤或室上心动过速的紧急治疗包括:
- 复律法一种通过贴在胸部的电棒或贴片对心脏进行电击的手术, restoring your heart to a normal rhythm.
- 药物 to control your heart rate or restore a normal heart rhythm.
- 手术 改变心脏中发送电信号的途径(在某些情况下，可能会建议需要其他心脏手术的人这样做)
当心房或上室心动过速发作频繁时，治疗包括:
- 导管消融:医生将一根或多根导管穿过你的血管到达心脏以输送热量的过程, 极冷或射频能量在心脏组织上留下一个小斑点. This blocks the pathway causing your 心律失常.
- Daily medications to prevent episodes.
- 起搏器 to override the fast heartbeat.
- 通过手术纠正引起心律异常的电信号.
In patients with symptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome，可能需要药物或消融来控制阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)。.
预防房性或室性心动过速
Preventing atrial or SVT can be more difficult than treatment. But making the following lifestyle changes may help:
- Cutting down on caffeinated beverages
- 减少饮酒
- 戒烟
- 吃有益心脏健康的食物，锻炼身体，保持健康的体重
- Keeping blood pressure and cholesterol levels under control
- 按照医嘱服药，并定期与医疗保健专业人员进行随访.
窦性心动过速
Sinus tachycardia is an increase in the heart rate. 在这种情况下, the heart’s natural pacemaker, 窦结, sends out electrical signals faster than usual.
The heart rate is faster than normal, but the heart beats properly. 这是一种常见的运动反应，但当它发生在休息时，就令人担忧了.
Causes of sinus tachycardia
心跳加快可能是你的身体对以下常见情况的反应:
- 焦虑
- 恐惧
- 严重的情绪困扰
- 剧烈运动
- 发热
- Some medicines and illegal drugs
- 疼痛
Other, less common causes may include:
治疗
你的医生应该考虑并治疗你的窦性心动过速的原因, rather than just treating the condition. 如果你的心跳加速是一个更严重或长期问题的症状，那么简单地减慢心率可能会造成更大的伤害.
室性心动过速
室性心动过速(VT)是一种从心脏的下腔(心室)开始的快速心率。. Electrical signals in the heart’s lower chambers fire abnormally fast. 这干扰了来自窦房结的电脉冲，窦房结是心脏的自然起搏器.
The disruption results in a faster than normal heart rate. 这种快速的心跳可以防止心室在两次收缩之间完全充盈, which compromises blood flow to the rest of the body.
VT可能耐受良好，也可能危及生命，需要立即诊断和治疗. 室性心动过速的严重程度在很大程度上取决于你是否患有其他心脏疾病以及你所患有的室性心动过速的类型.
Causes of ventricular tachycardia
室性心动过速通常与干扰心脏电传导系统的疾病有关. These disorders can include:
- Lack of coronary artery blood flow, depriving oxygen to heart tissue
- 心肌病 distorting the heart’s structure
- 药物副作用
- Use of illegal drugs such as cocaine or methamphetamine
- Sarcoidosis (an inflammatory disease affecting skin or body tissues)
- Abnormalities of the heart that result in scarring of heart tissue (sometimes called "structural heart disease"); the most common cause is a prior 心脏病
- Congenital heart conditions, including long QT syndrome
- 传导电脉冲所必需的电解质不平衡
症状
VT的症状各不相同. 常见症状包括:
治疗
治疗 will depend on your symptoms and the cause of your VT. Possible treatments include:
- Medication that helps prevent 心律失常s
- 射频消融术, a procedure that destroys the cells causing the VT.
- 植入术 cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)，它向心脏发送电脉冲，以重置危险的不规则心跳.
- Immediate electrical defibrillation在极端情况下
